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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948), lovingly known as Mahatma and Bapu, was the foremost leader of India's independence movement. Born in Porbandar, Gujarat to Karamchand Gandhi (Diwan of Porbandar) and Putlibai, he was raised in a devout Vaishnavite household. He studied law at the Inner Temple in London and practised briefly in Rajkot and Bombay before moving to South Africa in 1893, where he spent 21 years fighting racial discrimination — developing the philosophy of Satyagraha (nonviolent resistance).

"Be the change that you wish to see in the world."

Returning to India in 1915, he transformed the Indian National Congress into a mass movement, leading landmark campaigns: Champaran (1917), Kheda (1918), Non-Cooperation (1920), the Salt March (1930), and Quit India (1942). A champion of communal harmony, self-reliance (Swadeshi), and the upliftment of the untouchables (whom he called Harijans), his principles of truth and nonviolence inspired civil rights movements worldwide. He lived simply at Sabarmati Ashram and later Sevagram, spinning khadi daily. India achieved independence on 15 August 1947, and Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in New Delhi.